Parainflammation is a unique variant of inflammation, char-discuss the implications of our findings in analyses of tumor acterized by epithelial-autonomous activation of inflammatory microenvironment, suggesting that as tumor cell gene expres-response. Parainflammation has been shown to strongly prosion may often mimic immune and inflammatory infiltration, mote mouse gut tumorigenesis upon p53 loss. In a recent study, caution should be applied when interpreting tumor expression we explored the prevalence of parainflammation in human data. We also address the connection between parainflamma-cancer and determined its relationship to certain molecular and tion and prevalence of p53 mutations in specific types of clinical parameters affecting treatment and prognosis. Parain-tumors, and cancer prevention by regular usage of NSAIDs. We flammation can be identified from a 40-gene signature and is suggest that parainflammation may serve as a novel biomarker found in both carcinoma cell lines and a variety of primary for screening patients who may particularly benefit from NSAID tumors, independently of tumor microenvironment. Here, we treatment.